Momentum is always conserved — in every collision, explosion, and rocket launch. Learn what momentum is, how the law of conservation works, the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions, and why airbags save lives through the impulse-momentum theorem, all with clear examples and solved problems.
Throw a ball, kick a football, fire a cannon — they all trace the same parabolic arc once they leave your hand. The secret to projectile motion is that horizontal and vertical are completely independent. Gravity pulls downward and doesn’t touch horizontal speed. A ball dropped from rest and a ball fired sideways from the same height hit the ground at exactly the same time. Master that independence, and every projectile problem becomes two simple one-dimensional problems stacked together.
Energy is the most fundamental concept in physics — a conserved quantity that never changes in an isolated system. This guide covers kinetic energy, potential energy, conservation of energy, Noether’s theorem, E=mc², and every major energy form with clear explanations, formulas, and an interactive simulation.
Newton’s Second Law (F = ma): The One Equation That Runs Everything If physics had a greatest hit, it’d be F = ma. Three letters, one equation, and it runs basically everything — from the arc of a thrown ball to the orbit of the Moon, from the crash testing of a car to the…
Learn how to solve projectile motion problems step by step. Simple English explanations with real examples covering height, range, flight time, and launch angles.
Throw anything and it traces a parabola, every time. Learn exactly why projectile motion creates this shape, with formulas, real examples, and simulations.
Kinematics is the foundation of all mechanics. Learn what displacement, velocity and acceleration really mean, how they differ from distance and speed, and how the five SUVAT equations let you solve any problem involving motion under constant acceleration.
An object moving in a circle at constant speed is still accelerating. Learn why, what centripetal acceleration and centripetal force are, how to calculate them, and where circular motion appears in everything from satellites to washing machines.
The air molecules around you right now are moving at about 500 meters per second — faster than most bullets. Yet you don’t feel a thing, because each molecule is unimaginably tiny and collides with its neighbours billions of times per second. Kinetic theory explains how this invisible chaos creates everything you can measure: pressure is just trillions of molecular impacts per second, temperature is just how fast the molecules are moving, and the ideal gas law PV = nRT falls straight out of Newton’s laws applied to bouncing particles.
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